Bitcoin indonesia community

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Paper Submission Last Date 31 - March - Paper Review Notification In Days. Subscribe Newsletter For Latest Updates. Accountability, in general, means responsibility. The accountability of non-profit organizations varies widely according to the type of organization because accountability is a volatile concept. Generally, non-profit organizations have a nonmaterialist value because its type and orientation that do not pursue profits.

The research aims to explore the values that exist in the accountability of the Bitcoin community in Indonesia. In addition, this study also constructs the value of accountability based on the concept of Shariate Enterprise Theory SET. All Bitcoin users are connected in a peer-to-peer network over the Internet.

Data flow between their computers like gossip in a crowd, spreading quickly and redundantly until everyone has the information—with no one but the originator knowing who spoke first. This system worked so well that it was carelessness, not any privacy flaws in Bitcoin, that led to the breakthrough in the investigation of Silk Road.

When Ulbricht, the ringleader, was hiring help to expand his operation, he used the same pseudonym he had adopted years before to post announcements on illegal drug discussion forums; that and other moments of sloppiness made him a suspect. Other criminals could take solace in the fact that it was a slip-up; as long as you used Bitcoin carefully, your identity was protected behind the cryptographic wall. But now even that confidence is eroded. Among the first researchers to find a crack in the wall were the husband-and-wife team of Philip and Diana Koshy. It was especially designed to be inefficient, downloading a copy of every single packet of data transmitted by every computer in the Bitcoin network.

But there is no top-down coordination of the Bitcoin network, and its flow is far from perfect. The Koshys noticed that sometimes a computer sent out information about only one transaction, meaning that the person at that IP address was the owner of that Bitcoin address.

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And sometimes a surge of transactions came from a single IP address—probably when the user was upgrading his or her Bitcoin client software. Those transactions held the key to a whole backlog of their Bitcoin addresses.

Like unraveling a ball of string, once the Koshys isolated some of the addresses, others followed. Ultimately, they were able to map IP addresses to more than Bitcoin addresses; they published their findings in the proceedings of an obscure cryptography conference. Department of Homeland Security to come calling. Their technique has not yet appeared in the official record of a criminal case, but the Koshys say they have observed so-called fake nodes on the Bitcoin network associated with IP addresses in government data centers in Virginia, suggesting that investigators there are hoovering up the data packets for surveillance purposes too.

The pair has since left academia for tech industry jobs. As criminals have evolved more sophisticated methods to use Bitcoin, researchers have followed apace. The forensic trail shows the money going in but then goes cold because it is impossible to know which Bitcoins belong to whom on the other end.

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Shrem was later sentenced to 2 years in prison for laundering money on Silk Road. But even mixing has weaknesses that forensic investigators can exploit.

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Soon after Silk Road shut down, someone with administrative access to one of the newly emerging black markets walked away with 90, Bitcoins from user escrow accounts. Exactly that scenario is playing out now. On 20 January of this year, 10 men were arrested in the Netherlands as part of an international raid on online illegal drug markets. The men were caught converting their Bitcoins into Euros in bank accounts using commercial Bitcoin services, and then withdrawing millions in cash from ATM machines.

The trail of Bitcoin addresses allegedly links all that money to online illegal drug sales tracked by FBI and Interpol.

Non-profit organizations

If Bitcoin's privacy shortcomings drive users away, the currency will quickly lose its value. Matthee is part of a team launching a new anonymous online market called Shadow this year, which will use its own cryptocurrency, ShadowCash. The goal is not to facilitate illegal transactions, Matthee says. Shadow is far from the only Bitcoin competitor. Scores of alternative cryptocurrencies now exist. And some experts predict that one may finally go mainstream. Some banks already rely on a cryptocurrency called Ripple for settling large global money transfers.

And the U. That could defeat the purpose of cryptocurrency in the eyes of privacy advocates and criminals.

Or maybe not: In this technological game of cat and mouse, the next move may go to the criminals. Correction, 11 March, a. By Elizabeth Pennisi Mar. By Jocelyn Kaiser Mar.

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